What Is Moment of Inertia in Physics

The moment of inertia of an object is a calculated measure for a rigid body that is undergoing rotational motion around a fixed axis: that is to say, it measures how difficult it would be to change an objects current rotational speed. That measurement is calculated based upon the distribution of mass within the object and the position of the axis, meaning that the same object can have very different moment of inertia values depending upon the location and orientation of the axis of rotation. Conceptually, moment of inertia can be thought of as representing the objects resistance to change in angular velocity, in a similar way to how mass represents a resistance to the change in velocity in non-rotational motion, under Newtons laws of motion. The moment of inertia calculation identifies the force it would take to slow, speed up or stop an objects rotation. The International System of Units (SI unit) of moment of inertia is one kilogram per meter squared (kg-m2). In equations, it is usually represented by the variable I or IP (as in the equation shown). Simple Examples of Moment of Inertia How difficult is it to rotate a particular object (move it in a circular pattern relative to a pivot point)? The answer depends on the shape of the object and where the objects mass is concentrated. So, for example, the amount of inertia (resistance to change) is fairly slight in a wheel with an axis in the middle. All the mass is evenly distributed around the pivot point, so a small amount of torque on the wheel in the right direction will get it to change its velocity. However, its much harder, and the measured moment of inertia would be greater, if you tried to flip that same wheel against its axis, or rotate a telephone pole. Using Moment of Inertia The moment of inertia of an object rotating around a fixed object is useful in calculating two key quantities in rotational motion: Rotational kinetic energy: K Iω2Angular Momentum: L Iω You may notice that the above equations are extremely similar to the formulas for linear kinetic energy and momentum, with moment of inertia I taking the place of mass m and angular velocity ω taking the place of velocity v, which again demonstrates the similarities between the various concepts in rotational motion and in the more traditional linear motion cases. Calculating Moment of Inertia The graphic on this page shows an equation of how to calculate the moment of inertia in its most general form. It basically consists of the following steps: Measure the distance r from any particle in the object to the axis of symmetrySquare that distanceMultiply that squared distance times the mass of the particleRepeat for every particle in the objectAdd all of these values up For an extremely basic object with a clearly-defined number of particles (or components that can be treated as particles), its possible to just do a brute-force calculation of this value as described above. In reality, though, most objects are complex enough that this isnt particularly feasible (although some clever computer coding can make the brute force method fairly straightforward). Instead, there are a variety of methods for calculating the moment of inertia that are particularly useful. A number of common objects, such as rotating cylinders or spheres, have a very well-defined moment of inertia formulas. There are mathematical means of addressing the problem and calculating the moment of inertia for those objects which are more uncommon and irregular, and thus pose more of a challenge.

Research Methods - 1483 Words

Analyze of research in averagely can be accounted as an aim for understanding or a systematic study in search of information to shape or accept achievable facts. There are two mainly different ways of research. First, there is the basic research that appears not to go into the study field and the second, way is the applied research that studies given area into the aspect. It applies to resolve, understand and advance the methods and systems that are used in the search for human understanding of abnormal matters to do with the society. Research also can apply to advance the scientific and technical levels of knowledge that are applicable in the society. Other research challenges may apply to raise the information and knowledge about nature,†¦show more content†¦These methods are also applied in mathematical sciences like Chemistry and Physics but the experimentation here is limited. The results from this type of research methods are convinced through statistics, graphs and ta bulations. Although, quantitative research methods have the limitation that they tend to neglect and ignore the non-measurable actors, which may be of great consequence to the hypothetical relationships. Although this limitation is overcome by applying the qualitative research techniques in explaining the quantitative accounts that are accumulated from quantitative methods. This mode of using the two types of research techniques is referred as the Mixed-Research Technique. (Becker 1994, 53-71) The distinctions between qualitative and quantitative research methods; The term qualitative applies to the fact that the data collected is non-numerical, while quantitative means that the data collected can be quantified into numbers or numerals. An example of a qualitative research method is one that relates the environment of individuals and the character that they develop over time. The data collected from this research will be convinced in terms of answers where one may hypothesize that, children who are brought up in slums grow up to become deviant adults. The qualitative cause affects relationship here is between deviance and the slum upbringing. A good example of a quantitative research method is one that seeks to establish theShow MoreRelatedResearch Methods And Methods Of Research975 Words   |  4 PagesStudying research method was not a new experience since I have studied about it in my under graduate school. In comparison from the previous one I had, ULMS 515 Applied Re search Methods Module has enhanced my understanding about how to conduct a research in an appropriate way to be implemented in the real world setting. I learned to appreciate the nature of research and the research process in academic and practical contexts. This module also enables me to develop my understanding in the differencesRead MoreResearch Methods For A Research Method1925 Words   |  8 PagesResearch methods assignment LQXIH1 This assignment will be comparing and contrasting two journal article’s, with a focus upon the research methods used. It will begin by summerising the main findings and key arguments of both articles. Followed by identifying the research methods used, whilst comparing and contrasting their strengths and limitations. It will then move onto looking at how the methodological limitations of each study may be overcome. To conclude this essay a reflection shall be carriedRead MoreResearch Methods4920 Words   |  20 PagesIntroduction of research and research methods What is research method? As a matter of fact, according to Saundra et al. (2003), the term method in the entire research process or project can be considered as tool or technique which help researcher obtain, collect and analyze data or different types of information. To be more specific, Saundra et al. (2003) point out that in order to fulfill different research projects and objectives, couples of methods have to be properly utilized, in this caseRead MoreResearch Methods1611 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Assignment in Research Methods 1) Overview of various research methods When writing a Research Paper it is important to know different research methods. These methods help to gather and systemize the information and data in order to scientifically prove the validity of the work. Further will be explained ways how to collect the data. Research methods are divided in two big blocks: quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative methods are those where results are explained in numbers, whereasRead MoreQualitative Research On Research Methods Essay839 Words   |  4 PagesThis type of research methods involve describing in detail specific situation using research tools like interviews, surveys, and Observations. Qualitative Research is primarily exploratory research. It is used to gain an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations. It provides insights into the problem or helps to develop ideas or hypotheses for potential quantitative research. Qualitative Research is also used to uncover trends in thought and opinions, and dive deeper into theRead MoreResearch Methods And Methods Of Interdisciplinary Research Essay1297 Words   |  6 Pagesof analysis there are three ways in which to think and feel while doing interdisciplinary research. The first is that the knowledge we use that has been previo usly published was done by hard working researchers using sound research methods. Secondly we should acknowledge that not all information is current and we might find research that has been biased in some way. On the other hand, there may be research that is cutting edge and therefore has not been tested sufficiently and may be controversialRead More Research methods Essay1402 Words   |  6 Pages Research method To gain my secondary information I used such sources as the Internet, books and midwifery journals. My secondary information will consist of the benefits of breast-feeding for the mother and baby, the benefits of bottle-feeding for the mother and baby as well as statistics on breast-feeding. All information that I have gained for my secondary data is all reliable, because it has come from recommended sites, books and journals that have been approved from the Government or from hospitalsRead MoreMethods And Methods Of Qualitative Research1057 Words   |  5 PagesMethod Approach Qualitative research is normally recognizable via the use of methods that include, in-depth interviews and group moderation techniques; a particular objective to answer is â€Å"why?† and â€Å"how?† (Bailey, 2014). One of the great benefits of the qualitative research method is that it offers a wide range of approaches that can be used to capture data. In order to ensure credibility, two approaches will be used to conduct this research. The ethnographic approach will be used to understandRead MoreResearch Methodology For Research Methods Essay2303 Words   |  10 PagesSurvey research methods are one of the most widely used research methods in education. This non-experimental, quantitative research design is most often used to gather information about the subject’s attitude, beliefs, opinions, or similar types of information (McMillian Schumacher, 2010). With this method, the researcher selects a sample of subjects and either administers a questionnaire or con ducts interviews to collect data from the subjects. There are several benefits to using surveys in educationalRead MoreEssay on Research Methods1060 Words   |  5 Pages(Zikmund, 2003) states that exploratory research should be used to clarify ambiguous problems. Management may have discovered general problems but research is needed to gain better understanding of the dimensions of the problems. This study aims at exploring and delving into the underlying factors of why organisations struggle to attract and retain talent using the employer brand. The challenges of talent management are well known and are applicable to all players, there is a possibility that

Cyber Cafe Management Essay Sample free essay sample

I. Purpose and Scope of the StudyThe intent of the undertaking is to automatize cyber coffeehouse. The package must include commissariats to maintain user inside informations and login history. It should assist the cafe proprietors to recover user inside informations when needed and internet use in the system. It should be capable of apportioning cabins automatically. It should assist the cafe proprietor in ciphering day-to-day use of the systems and income. The system we propose has great range in the current existent clip state of affairs. The cyber offense monitoring system can be enhanced to an extent by implementing this system. Most of the houses and constitutions are being computerized in order to ease the undertakings to be performed. The cyberspace cafes unluckily are seldom computerized. We aim through this venture. a better dependable solution. II. Description of Present Situation Soon. most of the maps in the Cyber cafes are done manually. Even though there are LAN connexions and an decision maker system. an machine-controlled system is non introduced. The proprietor records the inside informations of the clients. login and logout clip. cabin and has to cipher the sum. All these inside informations are written in book. Besides there is no particular system to apportion cabins expeditiously. The proprietor besides has to cipher the entire income of a twenty-four hours. The present system has following restrictions: * Restrictions in study coevalss * Manual recording consumes extra clip* Opportunities of mistake* Trouble in apportioning cabins* The retrieval of information sing a client is clip devouring * Lack of charge system and manual computation of day-to-day income * Repeated recording of frequent user inside informations III. Problems and RequirementsIn the present scenario the cafe proprietor keeps a paper book to maintain path of user inside informations. Manual processing of informations is ever clip devouring and may perpetrate more mistakes. There is much trouble in apportioning cabins to the users. Further mention to the user inside informations is clip devouring. Accuracy of such informations makes the system undependable and inefficient. Obviously there is demand of an efficient system. IV. Objective of the new System The aim of this package is to keep the inside informations of users. cabins and login history. Through this system we provide installation of prepaid and postpaid histories severally for Account Users and Walkthrough Users. It has the characteristics like adding. sing. redaction of user inside informations. cabin inside informations. recharge option for prepaid users. charge. duty scenes. etc. V. Possible Alternative In present state of affairs of Cyber Cafe . the Administrator manually records the inside informations of the clients log in. log out clip and cabin. Besides. He has to manually cipher the sum of clip consumed and the fees to be paid by the client. The entire income of a twenty-four hours must besides be calculated by the proprietor. Because of these. we planned a possible alternate to restrict the opportunities of mistakes particularly in computation of fees and entire income. And to avoid redundancy in entering frequent user inside informations. The current system is an application plan that provides a better manner of direction of cyberspace coffeehouse. Users those who have an history with the system are entertained. Creation of history is nevertheless really easy. thereby enhances the dependability of the system. Criteria| Weight| Candidate 1| Candidate 2|Operational Feasibility| | | |PerformanceInformationEconomyControlEfficiencyServices| | The admin manually records the clients log in. log out clip and the Cabin. The information about the clients is non recorded. The cyber cafe purchase supplies needed for the recording of use and calculation of net incomes. Trouble in managing disobedient and hardheaded clients. Manually entering of inside informations and calculation of net income is clip devouring. Word processing. Online and Offline games and Internet Services. | User-friendly bill of fare will assist both the decision maker and the clients to work on it without any operational trouble. It can recover information of the clients easy. The cafe will non pass much because most of the engineerings used are freely available in their store. Merely customized merchandises had to be purchased. The system allows clients to take whether to log in as an history user or a walkthrough user. The oper ation is automated. Word processing. Online and Offline games. Internet Services. Account user and Walkthrough user. | Technical Feasibility| | Manually Operated. | This system is developed in JAVA linguistic communication with My SQL as backend. The Software powered by JAVA assures clear and efficient services to the bureau. The database is driven by My SQL therefore supplying portability. | Schedule Feasibility| | 1-2 hebdomads. | 4-6 months. | Standards for ComparisonVI. Analysis Of Alternative A. Existing Operational CostTable 1. UtilitiesDescription| Monthly Cost| Annual Cost|Electric Bill| | | Table 2. SuppliesDescription| Quantity| Unit Price| AnnualCost|Calculator | 1| P665| P665|Ballpen ( HBW ) | 1 personal computer. | P5| P120|Log Book| 1 personal computer. | P70| P420|Wall Clock| 1| P120| P120|Battery for Clock| 1 pack| P195| P195|Bell| 1| P85| P85| Table 3. ForcesJob Description| Personnel on Job| Monthly Salary| AnnualSalary| Administrator| 1| P3. 000| 36. 000|Assistant| 1| P2. 500| 30. 000| *Refer to Appendix I for extra descriptions and beginning B. Proposed Operational CostTable 4. UtilitiesDescription| Monthly Cost| Annual Cost|Electric Bill| | | Table 5. ForcesJob Description| Personnel on Job| Monthly Salary| AnnualSalary| Administrator| 1| P3. 000| 36. 000| *Refer to Appendix II for extra descriptions and beginning C. Proposed Develpoment CostTable 6. New Hardware and Accessory for the installing of waiter computing machine Description| Unit Price|Samsung Led Monitor| P4. 600|System Unit- HP PAVILION P6-2112D/ CORE I3-2120| P13. 500| Keyboard| P200|2. 4Ghz Wireless Mouse| P240|Mitsui AVR| P850|Speaker| 1. 800| Table 7. ForcesJobDescription| Personnel on Job| Salary/ hour| Total Salary| Programmer| 1| P300/250 hours| P75. 000|GUI Designer| 1| P250/200 hours| P50. 000|Network Administrator| 1| P350/25 hours| P8. 750| Table 8.System Cost| P 15. 000| *Refer to Appendix III for extra descriptions and beginning D. Benefit E. Payback AnalysisCash flow| Year 0| Year 1|Development cost| ( 163. 750 ) | |Operational cost| | ( 39. 000 ) |Present Value| 1| 0. 9090|Time Adj. Cost| ( 163. 750 ) | ( 35. 451 ) | Accumulative Cost| ( 163. 750 ) | ( 199. 201 ) | | | |Benefits| 0| 723. 072|Time Adj. cost| 0| 657. 272|Accumulative Benefits| 0| 657. 272|| 163. 750| 458. 071| E. Net Present ValueCash flow| Year 0| Year 1| Total| Development cost| ( 163. 750 ) | | | Operational cost| | ( 39. 000 ) | | Discount 10 % | 1. 0000| 0. 9090| | Present Value| ( 163. 750 ) | ( 199. 201 ) | | Time Present Value of a life-time Cost| | | 362. 951| | | | | Benefits| 0| 723. 072| |Discount 10 % | 1. 000| 0. 9090| | Present Value Annual Benefits| 0| 657. 272| | Total Present Value of a Lifetime Benefits| | | 657. 272| Net Present value of this Alternative| || 294. 321| E. Return of Investment AnalysisLifetime Benefits-Lifetime CostLifetime Cost= ( 657. 272-362. 951 ) 362. 951= 81. 09 % VII. RecommendationThe undertaking entitled â€Å"Cyber Cafe Management System† is a package bundle. which can be used in cyber cafes for pull offing the clients’ computing machine expeditiously. Now a day’s cyber terrorist act. which is chiefly undergone through cyberspace cafes. necessitate to be tackled decently. Thereby. it is so necessary to hive away the valid information of the user who comes for internet entree. The system being used. the clip at which the user logs in and logs out should be recorded consistently. The major advantage of computing machine is its velocity that makes it able to give some utile information really rapidly. This velocity besides opens new attacks to job resolution and information processing. Another characteristic is its truth. It besides provides high security to the system and therefore unauthorised user can be prevented. And in conclusion. easiness of operation for the proprietor. We greatly recommended this system for better managing of cyber cafes and prevent users from perpetrating cyber offense. VIII. AppendixIn this modern epoch. a figure of people entree the cyberspace often by agencies of cyber coffeehouse. For such frequent users. a prepaid history shall be maintained and discounted rates may be charged from them. While walkthrough users. who are less frequent. are charged a fixed rate. By utilizing the LAN connexions in the cyber coffeehouse we can automatize this procedure really easy. This system comprises of the undermentioned faculties: * The Server Module * The Client ModuleThe waiter faculty. which is handled by the decision maker can make new histories for prepaid users and besides store the inside informations of walkthrough clients. While in the client faculty. which is handled by users themselves. the user should give his/her user-id and watchword to get down browse. After they are logged out. the clip and sum will be automatically generated atthe waiter faculty and the measure is provided to the user. This system is developed in JAVA linguistic communication with MySQL as backend. The system is a bill of fare driven one.

Theodore Roosevelt Essays (417 words) - , Term Papers

Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt was one of the most successful presidents in the United States history. He achieved many goals in life. Some of these goals were as follows: 1) He won the Spanish-American War; 2) He won the Nobel Peace Prize; 3) He was the youngest president in United States history. He also had other positions in life such as: 1) He was a Historian; 2) Politician; 3) Cowboy; 4) Buffalo Hunter; 5) Crime Fighter; 6) Reformer; and 7) a Calvaryman. Theodore Roosevelt was born in 1858 and died in 1919. He became President of the United States when President McKinley was assassinated. President Roosevelt served in office from 1901-1909. During the Spanish-American War Theodore Roosevelt served as a Lieutenant Colonel of the Rough Riders Regiment. Lieutenant-Colonel Roosevelt and his regiment led the charge up San Juan Hill, which became the most famous battle of the war. That charge made Lieutenant-Colonel Roosevelt a national war hero. Under President Roosevelt the Panama Canal was built. Panama at the time was a providence of Colombia. President Roosevelt had a good way of getting a cheap price for the canal. He organized a revolution in Panama against Colombia. As a result of the revolution the United States recognized Panama as a country and was their protector. As the protector of Panama the United States got a permanent land grant of ten miles for the Panama Canal Zone. Those methods in which President Roosevelt used to gain the rights over the canal proved to be ingenious even though his opponents did not approve of them. But most of the American population approved of his methods. Roosevelt had an aggressive foreign policy. He created the Roosevelt Corollary which said that the U.S. was not interested in gaining more land. The U.S. only wanted to see other countries around them be stable. It also stated that if their countries collapsed inviting intervention of other countries that were stronger, then the U.S. would act as an international police power. TR was also a peacemaker. He made a compromise between Russia and Japan to stop the war that was going on between the two countries. This ensured a balance of power in Asia. This action one Roosevelt the Nobel Peace Prize. So as everyone can see Theodore Roosevelt was one of the greatest presidents in U.S. history. As well as the youngest he achieved many goals and defined the definition of the American dream. History Essays

Analysis of the Poem “The Second Coming” by William Butler Yeats Essays

Analysis of the Poem â€Å"The Second Coming† by William Butler Yeats Essays Analysis of the Poem â€Å"The Second Coming† by William Butler Yeats Paper Analysis of the Poem â€Å"The Second Coming† by William Butler Yeats Paper One of the most resounding names in the discussion of 20th century literature is of the great William Butler Yeats. His works and even his biography are staple study materials for those who endeavor in literature studies. With that being said, it would also be important to study one of his greatest works. One of his best known works, also considered one of his finest, is the poem â€Å"The Second Coming.† Many artists claim that they were influenced by William Butler Yeats and this particular poem has been cited by other works of art. With that taken into consideration, many works of art by other artists can be considered offshoots of Yeats’ poem. It could also be assumed that in a way, this particular poem had somehow influence the art that we are experiencing today. This paper would attempt to present and analyze Yeats’ poem and look into the different aspects why it had become popular among poets and enthusiasts of poetry. Objectives The paper would not delve into a vicious criticism of the work at hand. The main objective would be to present the poem as not merely a poem, but a work of art that needs a deeper view and profound appreciation. Moreover, this particular poem had influenced many other artists. That would only mean that the influence of Yeats’ â€Å"The Second Coming† would be visible in many other works of art. It is an assumption that after an analysis of the poem, we would be able to determine how it had influenced other works of art. In simpler terms, if we would try to understand the poem, we would be granted a better understanding of the poem at hand and of the other works. There is a popular notion in the world of poetry that once an author had explained his or her work, the poem is being stripped of its divine quality. It is just fortunate that the author did not design this poem in an explicit manner.   Another popular notion in the world of art is that explicitness is dangerous to any form of art. And so, setting aside those popular notions, the work at hand belongs to the genre of poetry. Poetry is often coined as the art of misleading, it often leaves the readers scratching their heads. With all of that being said, reading a review before or after tackling a poem would undeniably be of great help to readers. The author Before we traverse further in the discussion, it would be helpful to have a brief overview of the author’s background. The objective of this part follows the logic of an old saying that tells us that the fruit doesn’t fall very far from the tree. The relationship of the fruit and the tree is just the same case for poems and poets. That is because we can understand a work better if we have an idea of the person that had come up with the work. William Butler Yeats is an Irish writer born and educated in the city of Dublin. He was born on the thirteenth of June 1865, and had passed away on the twenty-eighth of January 1939. As stated in the introduction, he would be a great representative of literature during the 20th century. He had endeavored in multiple genres of literature, but the most significant ones would be in drama and poetry. As a testament to his success as a writer, he had been a recipient of the highly-coveted Nobel Prize for literature (Foster 6-27). And of course, there is the worldwide readership and his influence that has spanned generations. nbsp; The poem Since the poem is not that long, it would be better for this paper to include the poem within its contents. The inclusion of the work to be analyzed would enable us to consult the work whenever we need to. Moreover, a review of the work is undeniably essential to any analysis. The Second Coming By William Butler Yeats Turning and turning in the widening gyre The falcon cannot hear the falconer; Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world, The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere The ceremony of innocence is drowned; The best lack all conviction, while the worst Are full of passionate intensity nbsp; Surely some revelation is at hand; Surely the Second Coming is at hand. The Second Coming! Hardly are those words out When a vast image out of the Spiritus Mundi Troubles my sight: somewhere in the sands of the desert A shape with lion body and the head of man, A gaze blank and pitiless as the sun Is moving its slow thighs, while all about it Reel shadows of the indignant desert birds. The darkness drops again; but now I know That twenty centuries of stony sleep Were vexed to nightmare by a rocking cradle, And what rough beast, its hour come round at last, Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born? (Yeats 403) Brief background of the poem Yeats’ poem entitled â€Å"The Second Coming† was first printed in the American Magazine â€Å"The Dial† in November of 1920. The first printing was followed by the inclusion of the poem in Yeats’ collection of poems entitled â€Å"Michael Robartes and the Dancer† in 1921. The poem is known to be written during 1919, just after World War I. (Brown 71-72) Definition of terms The word gyre is one of the most noticeable unfamiliar terms in the poem. A gyre basically refers to a spinning vortex. The word is usually used to allude to the movements of oceanic and wind currents. Yeats had already incorporated the term in his book â€Å"A Vision†, which was published in 1925. Another term in poem that is calling attention is â€Å"spiritus mundi.† The term basically translates to the â€Å"spirit of the world.† The concept is in-line with Yeats’ belief that every mind of all individuals is somehow linked to a single vast intelligence (Foster 44) And for us to understand more of nature of some of the lines, we need to consult some works of other writers. The echoing lines in the last part of the first stanza â€Å"the best lack all conviction, while the worst / are full of passionate intensity.† It is said that those lines are in reference to the famous passages of the story Prometheus Unbound by Percy Bysshe Shelley. According to Yeats himself, during his childhood he had read Shelley’s book religiously and it had been an influence ever since (Foster 402) â€Å"The Second Coming† is of course in reference to the prophecy about second coming of Christ. This prophecy could be located in the bible specifically in the books of Matthew and the Revelations. Writing style At first glance, readers could carelessly conclude that the poem is a free-verse. The poem seemingly does not follow any rhyme scheme and meter whatsoever. But after orally reading the poem, that is when readers could easily appreciate the intricate design of the poem. If the poem â€Å"The Second Coming† would be categorized according to a sub-genre of poetry, it would belong to the â€Å"lyrical† style of poetry. As the name suggests, lyric poems is basically a kind of poetry that, just like a song, has musical qualities incorporated within it. And of course, to make a poem lyrical would mean to put rhymes for the poem to make distinct sounds. Although there are some, there are not many rhymes in the poem. In contrast to most classic poems, the number of end-rhymes was only reduced only into two in this particular poem. The few end-rhymes are: â€Å"hold† along with â€Å"world†, and although repetitive â€Å"hand† along with â€Å"hand.† Although there were only a few end-rhymes, the poem was interspersed with internal rhyming. But the internal rhyming that Yeats had done is not as technical as it sounds. He had just repeated some of the words to achieve the effect of internal rhymes. As we could observe in the poem â€Å"turning and turning†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"the falcon†¦ the falconer†, â€Å"surely some revelation is at hand† / â€Å"surely the Second Coming is at hand† (Yeats 403) The overall effect to the combination of the handful of internal rhymes and the few petty end-rhymes enables the poem to sound as if there are echoes. This effect is best described by the second line â€Å"the falcon†¦ the falconer.† Brown was able to describe the effect of the poem in a more technical manner. According to him, the lack of form and the emphasis on the repetitions creates an impression to the readers that a poetry that has no form is just enough to describe the concept of â€Å"The Second Coming†- as if it is just a captured dream or a recorded hallucination. (Brown 72) The rhyming is not only the element of poetry that some readers might overlook. Reading the poem only visually would not enable the reader to determine that there is an underlying metric pattern within the poem. This particular metric pattern is known as the iambic pentameter, a metric pattern that is often associated with Shakespeare and other classic poets. The iambic pentameter is basically a metric pattern commonly characterized by a line being made up of five iambic feet. Here is a rough illustration of the iambic pentameter: duh DUM / duh DUM / duh DUM / duh DUM / duh DUM. And now here are the lines of the poem according to the illustration of the iambic pentameter: turn ING / and TURN / ing IN / the WIDE / ning GYRE†¦ surely LY / some RE / ve LA / tion IS / at HAND. Although the iambic pentameter is one of the most fundamental and recognizable metric patterns in poetry, it is just understandable that it would be hard for some to locate it in this particular poem. The poem does not follow an iambic pentameter as its only metric pattern, the first lines of each stanza follow the metric pattern called trochee. A trochee is basically a line that consists of a stressed syllable that is followed by an unstressed syllable. Themes To analyze the poem in a technical aspect like meter and rhyme may take some time and much research. But even at the first reading, one could easily see that the poem is rich in imagery, personification, irony, exaggeration, and of course, symbolisms. Its richness as a text makes the poem a versatile piece for plain poetry enthusiasts and for those who endeavors in rigorous literature studies. Perhaps the success of the poem owes much to the fact that there are many themes that can be unearthed from the poem. It is very likely that the one of the themes that a reader could immediately assume is that the poem takes on religion. There is a considerable count of words that connote the topic of religion. Even the title alone, â€Å"The Second Coming†, already directs us to the discussion of Christ or even Christianity in general. The concept of the â€Å"Second Coming† is considered a prophecy. It was prophesized in the bible, particularly in the books of Matthew and the Revelations, that there would be a second reappearance of Christ.   This prophecy is an integral part of the Christian faith and one of the reasons why Christians follow the teachings of the church.   And just like in the bible, some also consider Yeats poem as prophetic. The form of the poem is like a prophecy of the impending randomness that we are all to experience in gyre called society. On the other hand, it could also be that Yeats is taking the side of religion as â€Å"the falcon†¦Ã¢â‚¬  [Christians] â€Å"†¦cannot hear the falconer† [God]. It could be about the gradual degeneration of the level of faith of people on religion. In the phrase â€Å"the best lack conviction†, the best could be an allusion to Christians.   That is as opposed to phrase â€Å"the worst are full of passionate intensity†, in which the worst could be an allusion to non-Christians. It seems that Yeats had juxtaposed Christians to the other religions. And in his portrayal it seems that the non-Christians are having the upper hand in terms of having a â€Å"passionate intensity† with regards to faith. Moreover, the birthplace of Christ, Bethlehem, is mentioned in the last line of the poem â€Å"slouches towards Bethlehem to be born†? Many see religion as a dominant theme of the poem because Yeats is known for his fascination with the spiritual and the mythological. The words that can be associated with religion are ceremony, revelation, Spiritus Mundi, and Bethlehem. As a support for Yeats’ reputation of having a fascination for the spiritual and the mythological is the inclusion of a sphinx-like creature. This sphinx-like creature could be located in the line â€Å"a shape with lion body and the head of a man.† Yeats seems to have a fondness of mythological creatures such as the sphinx. There are many other works of Yeats that cite the sphinx. It should be taken into consideration that the sphinx is regarded as a religious icon in ancient Egypt. Aside from religion and spiritual themes, themes that take a political and societal tone are also present in the poem. The line â€Å"the falcon cannot hear the falconer† could be roughly interpreted to the subordinate cannot hear the leader.   And if the gyre is considered as a metaphor for the society, it is constantly widening. In relation to the poem, a widening gyre would mean that the spinning would be more turbulent. Yeats may have wanted to say that as time passes, the problem of the degeneration of society is getting more and more out of hand. Yeats had also seemingly stated his view of the society. The line â€Å"things fall apart, the centre cannot hold† could be alluding to the arguably degeneration of the society as it is swaying away from the old ways and adopting new ideas. But perhaps out of all the lines of the poem, the line â€Å"mere anarchy is loosed upon the world†, is the line that gives the poem a political flavor. The inclusion of the word â€Å"anarchy† alone is almost enough to lead readers to the theme of politics. If the reader would read Yeats’ â€Å"The Second Coming† during times of political instability, the reader could even generalize that the poem is basically about revolutions, insurgencies, activists, and the likes. The first line â€Å"turning and turning in the widening gyre† could simply mean that political instability is an ongoing trend in our societies. The second line â€Å"the falconer cannot hear the falconer† refers to the constituents of the tyrannical leadership. The people are refusing to hear the falconer’s [tyrant’s] commands. But Yeats had shown in this particular poem that he could be antirevolutionary. Yeats presents the consequences of a revolution â€Å"things fall apart; the centre cannot hold.† The picture that line paints in our minds is a typical picture of revolutions. That line could trigger images of dilapidated buildings, monuments and homes. That line basically refers to the chaos that revolutions could bring. The chaos that the poem had painted would be followed by the inclusion of the word â€Å"anarchy.† Then it would all be amplified by the line â€Å"the blood-dimed tide is loosed, and everywhere.† Yeats had also expressed his view on the topic of social classes in this poem. The last lines of the first paragraph â€Å"the best lack all conviction, while the worst / are full of passionate intensity† is begging the question: who are the â€Å"best† that are lacking conviction, and who are the â€Å"worst† that are full of passionate intensity? It is not unfamiliar to us that in discussions of social classes, categories are determined as either black or white. An individual could just either be rich or poor, educated and uneducated, and other determinants of social classes. It appears that Yeats’ view is that the privileged strata of the society is lacking faith and the working-class and medium-income part of the society are full of passionate intensity. This portrayal of Yeats is a common scenario in revolutions. The privileged part of the society seem to lack conviction when radical social change is about to happen. Yeats poem would lead the reader to the irony that the poor is the more active participant in the revolutions. That is despite the poor’s depressed and financially-lacking state. It seems that the common scenario in a revolution is that the rich is just standing in the background. That is just understandable as the rich and the poor would always think differently. As the poem says it â€Å"the best lack all conviction†, they do not want any part of the revolution. A likely reason is that they do not want to take part in the revolution is that because of the nature of the word revolution. Conclusion Yeats’ â€Å"The Second Coming† is certainly a controversial poem. Controversial not just because of it is a hybrid of free-verse and form, but also because of the themes that it generates. Nonetheless, the success of the poem is undeniable. The very evidences for that is its inclusion to many anthologies and publications. But the very testament of the poem’s success is that it continually calls controversy even up to this date. Moreover, the title â€Å"The Second Coming† is just aptly given to the poem. Just like the religious concept of the second coming of Christ, the poem also takes such mysterious quality. The â€Å"first coming† for the poem would be its first publication in 1920.   But as opposed to the religious second coming, the poem seems to reappearing again and again. It seems that the past and the future generations would still appreciate the poem for being one of the greatest poems ever written. nbsp;

Free Essays on Language Skill And Job Market

Have you ever thought of those huge benefits that the knowledge of many different languages earns you in today’s globalized market sector? Not yet! Then you better start learning new languages and possess good communicative skills in all those that you learn because, with the world turning towards more globalization kind of perspectives, you will definitely need those skills to earn you a decent job in the present and the future. This is the topic that my paper will present to you. The point that I am trying to make is that in today’s globalized world, corporations and big service sectors are trying to look for employees with multi-lingual knowledge and good communicative skills because, the whole economy of these developed nations has over the century changed from and industrialized to a service kind. The primary source for my paper is certainly the lecture by Ms. Monica Heller on the topics of globalization and its effect of the language skills that people need to possess to earn a living. This lecture event by Ms. Heller was called ‘Language & Globalization’ and was about an hour long. The event that this paper talks about was one, which to a large extent discusses the evil strategies that globalization inculcates into the employers in the service sector. Ms. Heller also spoke about the ways in which everything today is being seen as a commodity in this all-spreading globalization market economy. The lecture she gave had specific examples pertaining to the service sector in present Canadian economy. Her lecture began with the definitions of two most popular terms in the service sector that Canada has; the first term was ‘Francophones’ and the other was ‘Anglophones’. Now surely they might be new to us but they have an internal meaning to these people, who are either from French speaking community or from English speaking one. It’s interesting how these employees are named according to the language that they spea... Free Essays on Language Skill And Job Market Free Essays on Language Skill And Job Market Have you ever thought of those huge benefits that the knowledge of many different languages earns you in today’s globalized market sector? Not yet! Then you better start learning new languages and possess good communicative skills in all those that you learn because, with the world turning towards more globalization kind of perspectives, you will definitely need those skills to earn you a decent job in the present and the future. This is the topic that my paper will present to you. The point that I am trying to make is that in today’s globalized world, corporations and big service sectors are trying to look for employees with multi-lingual knowledge and good communicative skills because, the whole economy of these developed nations has over the century changed from and industrialized to a service kind. The primary source for my paper is certainly the lecture by Ms. Monica Heller on the topics of globalization and its effect of the language skills that people need to possess to earn a living. This lecture event by Ms. Heller was called ‘Language & Globalization’ and was about an hour long. The event that this paper talks about was one, which to a large extent discusses the evil strategies that globalization inculcates into the employers in the service sector. Ms. Heller also spoke about the ways in which everything today is being seen as a commodity in this all-spreading globalization market economy. The lecture she gave had specific examples pertaining to the service sector in present Canadian economy. Her lecture began with the definitions of two most popular terms in the service sector that Canada has; the first term was ‘Francophones’ and the other was ‘Anglophones’. Now surely they might be new to us but they have an internal meaning to these people, who are either from French speaking community or from English speaking one. It’s interesting how these employees are named according to the language that they spea...

Plasmid analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Plasmid analysis - Essay Example The blue plasmid DNA did not contain any of the restriction sites for Hind III or Sac I. Introduction Plasmids are the extra chromosomal DNA molecules which are mostly double –stranded, circular and covalently closed molecules, varying in size from 1 kb to 200 kb. (Sambrook and Russell 2001). They are found in many bacterial species. They replicate independently and use a variety of mechanisms to maintain their copy number. They contain the gene codes for the enzymes that are important for the bacterial hosts. The plasmids act as vectors in the molecular biology experiments. The vectors are the carrier DNA molecules into which the foreign gene of interest is inserted and expressed in the host. This DNA is now called recombinant DNA (Roberts and Murray 1976). This recombinant DNA is able to express the Foreign DNA in the bacteria. These vectors replicate inside the host cell along with the inserted DNA. These vectors are of two types: expression vectors (expression of the clone d gene to give the desired protein) and cloning vectors (produce millions of copies of cloned DNA) (Sambrook and Russell 2001). Restriction endonucleases are the enzymes that cut the DNA at the specific sequences. There are about 200 different restriction enzymes (Siwach and Singh 2007). ... The restriction mapping is used to identify the plasmids. The number of DNA fragments and the size of the DNA fragments depend upon the action of the restriction enzyme (Kruezer and Massey 2008). These DNA fragments thus obtained are separated using the Agarose gel electrophoresis. Restriction mapping consists of three important steps. They are restriction enzyme digestion, agarose gel preparation and sample loading (Kruezer and Massey 2008). Results and Discussion: The nutrient agar plate was inoculated with E.coli, and the antibiotic discs were placed in the four quadrants. Figure1: Antibiotic profile against tetracycline in E. coli DH5alphaE:: pMTL84445 After inoculation at 37 degree Celsius for overnight, it was observed that the antibiotic disc of tetracycline had a clear zone. This indicates that the E.coli culture is resistant to kanamycin, chloramphenicol and ampicillin. There is very little sensitive to tetracycline. Figure 2: Antibiotic resistance profiling: Table 1a : Anti biotic resistance profiling of kanamycin control Kanamycin control E. coli DS941::pRRK Antibiotic disc Zone diameter in mm Chloramphenicol 30 Kanamycin 0 Tetracyline 10 Ampicillin 0 E.coli DS941::pRRK bacteria was found to be very sensitive to Chlormaphenicol and comparatively sensitive for Tetracycline antibiotics. The bacteria showed resistance to kanamycin and Ampicillin. Table 1b : Antibiotic resistance profiling of chloramphenicol control Chloramphenicol control: E. coli DS941::pAV35 Antibiotic disc Zone diameter in mm Chloramphenicol 0 Kanamycin 27 Tetracyline 32 Ampicillin 0 E. coli DS941::pAV35 bacteria were found to be very sensitive to Kanamycin and Tetracycline and resistant to Chloramphenicol and Ampicillin.

Assignment 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Assignment 1 - Essay Example Putting these skills into practice is a factor that will help the United States move ahead and maintain its high position economically. Over the past years, countries like Russia and China have had steady economic growth rates, and this has posed as a challenge to the United States. The United States ought to understand the various steps taken by the countries to have them at the position that they enjoy and the consequent result of this is implementation of plans that will see the country register a rise in general growth. Demographics is also critically analyzed in the chapter. According to the United States census, it has had a steady increase in the birthrate from the 1970s (CEA 122). The increase in birthrate has had a negative effect on the working population. One way in which this has affected them is that many people and especially mothers have had to leave their works to carry out their maternal responsibilities and this has led to the slowing down of their corporate responsibilities. This is negative from the fact that other countries that do not have such a birthrate have their citizens working tirelessly to support their families and consequently catching up with the economic stature of the United States. The demographic problem has had its effect reflected in the prime working age. With an increase in population, the prime working age for a particular location is bound to decrease. Currently, the rate is between 25 to 54 years (CEA 122). It is speculated that if the birthrate continues increasing at the rate in which it has increased over time, the prime working age gap is bound to decrease and this has the consequent effect of having less labor. With less labor, there is a decrease in the amount of money that individuals bring into a company or organization. This has the effect of having the country in a poor economic position with the citizens having low living standards and the country lagging

Dystopian Society Present in 1984 and Fahrenheit 451 Essay Example for Free

Dystopian Society Present in 1984 and Fahrenheit 451 Essay The idea of a dystopian society is that of complete control, either through the use of a police state that has ultimate control over humanity and or the idea of man abusing technology to further gain control of its subjects. These ideas are very present in both novels. In 1984, the totalitarian state is technically and urbanely engineered to spy on and see peoples very thoughts. In Fahrenheit 451 a similar idea is used in the outlawing of literature and the use of denunciations to capture and punish those deemed to have broken the law. This essay is going to explore the idea of Man’s struggle against the society which seeks to break him, erasing the individual, resulting in the mindless slaves to society, the very idea that the authors warn against. In 1984, the constant barrage of information regarding the greatness of the state and Big Brothers supremacy over the common man forces everyone to consent and believe in the totalitarian state. The party justifies itself by eliminating the individual, giving power to everyone as being part of the collective power of the party as O’Brien mentions  «if he can escape from his identity, if he can merge himself in the party so that he is the party, then he is all-powerful and immortal  » the party’s belief that they control everything even human reality portrays how far a totalitarian government can go in achieving complete control of humanity. This can be clearly seen in 1984, where O’Brien tortures Winston to the point where he is capable of relinquishing all humanity, all common sense until the point where O’Brien tells Winston that two and two make five. Winston loses all sense of individuality to the point where conforms to the party and denounces his true love Julia. Through the use of fear and crushing oppression, the idea of love apart from love for big brother and the party is all that remains. Therefore the Party succeed in their aims, obedience through the use of force and fear. The central conflict of the novel is Man-vs. Society, as with Fahrenheit 451. Winston constantly struggled for individuality in a society were there is no â€Å"I† there is only ‘we†, individuality and freedom of expression is forbidden, punishable by death. The party wishes to control all of humanity, eradicating the â€Å"sex instinct†, O’Brien says  « we will abolish the orgasm  »  « there will be no loyalty, except loyalty towards the party. There will be no love, except the love of big brother†¦ there will be no art, no literature, no science  », in this, the party’s aims are clear. They seek to destroy what it is to be human, to create a population of hollow men, loyal to none but the party, un-thinking, un-loving slaves of the party, tools. As in 1984, the state in Fahrenheit wish to crush creative thinking, eradicating humanity in the process. The burning of books, similar to the book burnings of Nazi Germany show the totalitarian, dystopian need to control the thoughts of the masses. By doing this, they control the past, and therefore the future. They are able to rewrite history to justify their acts, indoctrinating the youth to believe in their cause, just as the Nazis did. In Fahrenheit 451, as in 1984, symbolism and reversible meanings are present which can also be seen as conflicting emotions in the protagonist and the struggle to find a place in society. In 451, the contrasting ideas of fire and water are very interesting. The firemen are not as tradition tells, protectors of the people, putting out fires and saving lives, but using fire to burn and destroy literature. Their role is to destroy, to burn human creativeness. Captain Beatty, chief of the fire department, believes that fire is bright and fire is clean. This idea contradicts the norm of fire is destructive and evil. This represents the twisted ideas of authority, reversing the meaning of words, rewriting them to justify their aims of total control over humanity. The masses fail to see the true meaning of these words, or perhaps they have forgotten. This shows how far the totalitarian government has succeeded in indoctrinating people into believing what ever they wish them to. However, the protagonists in both novels are depicted as being marginalised because they do not share the same ideas, due to morals and ideals that they can only express in their minds, far from the reach of the state, a lonely free island in a sea of relentless waves. The idea of water by Bradbury is used to cleanse montag’s soul. The water saves Montag, cleansing him of the scent of society, he is thus reborn. In addition, when Montag is trying to escape the helicopters and the mechanical hound, the tools of the totalitarian government, the stream hides and saves him until it is safe to return to land. Montag indulges himself in the water and there was only the cold river and Montag floating in a sudden peacefulness, away from the city and the lights and the chase, away from everything in this the water saves him, purifies him, the opposite of the dystopian symbol, fire. Water is portrayed as the flow of humanity. In 1984, the party uses contrasting ideas in their party slogans such as  « War is peace, freedom is slavery, ignorance is strength  » these contrasting ideas represent perfectly the party’s ideals. The individual and the freedom that comes with it actually results in slavery in the dystopian society, ignorance of the truth of what the party is really about protects you from persecution of the thought police. The use of these contradicting words and the lack of opposition, mean that the party have succeeded in their indoctrination of the masses as no one has the ability to see past the words to see their true sense, even Winston and Julia remain troubled by it. In a dystopian society, the state exerts complete control over its population through oppression, terror and the constant use of propaganda. This is apparent in both novels. Both novels are predictions of a future controlled by totalitarian states. The thoughtpolice in 1984 use brainwashing, spies and denunciations to control the party however the proles are generally untouched. This is similar to Nazi Germany in that only those who rebelled or were undesirables in society were quashed, the general population remained untouched. By comparing Nazi Germany and the era in which this novel was written, we can see the blatant warning against future governments similar to the National Socialists led by Hitler and the state of terror and oppression and ethic cleansing which was deemed for the greater good. O’Brien says to Winston â€Å"perhaps you have returned to your old idea that the proletarians or the slaves will arise and overthrow us. Put it out of your mind. They are helpless, like the animals. Humanity is the party. † This shows the view that the totalitarian government controls all that is humanity and the lower classes remain irrelevant because they have neither the knowledge nor the power to overthrow those who control reality. They control the laws of nature, the past, the present and the future. However, Fahrenheit 451 does not elaborate on the political aims of the ruling party apart from their desire to quash human creativity and the ideas of individuality. Yet it remains a typical part of dystopian ideology to desire to control every aspect of the masses and even humanity itself. The use of the  « telescreen  » is an interesting concept that is abundant in both texts. The use of the telescreen in Fahrenheit 451 is that this became the populaces way of interacting with others without physically interacting with them, as people became detached from literature, from freedom. The people on these televisions were your family, who would keep you company and be your friend, spurting propaganda and essentially keeping people in check. The telescreen in 1984, shared the same idea but consisted of other more sinister uses such as spying on those suspected of thoughtcrime, revolutionary thoughts against the party, overhearing conversations and playing militaristic key speeches and propaganda techniques seen in Nazi Germany with the peoples radio. However this form of propaganda could never be switched off. This shows the ingsoc party’s ability to penetrate every single aspect of humanity and society, the idea that  « big brother is watching you  « is very well demonstrated. This of course being the reason why Winston and Julia were captured and tortured by the state. The use of the Telescreen can be noted in Winston and Julia’s struggle in that they are constantly bombarded by party propaganda, possibly overheard by the party through speakers hidden in the screen. This creates pressure to conform for fear of being found out and sent to the ministry of love for reconditioning. The underlying fear of the unknown bound them to neither conform nor rebel. They are lost in a society which they cannot escape and do not wish to be a part of, yet they have no choice. I believe that under this amount of pressure, anyone would fall and conform to whatever the Party demands, as the individual is no match for the collective power of the Party. Winston is not just a character in the story, but an idea. Winston is an anachronism. His mind and personality are not defined by the Party slogans, by the Party’s ideas of what he should be. From his own point of view he is an individual; from the Party’s point of view he is a flaw in the reality it is creating. The story follows Winston and his struggle for individualism and his overpowering feelings of humanity, the very feelings that the party try to destroy, which they eventually do through horrific torture spread over months. O’Brien says to him whilst trying to brainwash him  « you are the last man†¦you are the guardian of the human spirit.  » Winston then looks into the mirror and sees the frail creature that he had become. O’Brien does this to show the extent to which his party can destroy humanity and rebuild it to their designs. He then goes on to say  « Do you see that thing facing you? That is the last man. If you are human, that is humanity.  » Convincing Winston that his struggle in futile, the control of the party is infinite, they create the law around them to meet their ends of controlling everything, and everyone. Winston is eventually brainwashed and ends up loving bigbrother, thus the aims of the party complete. In conclusion, the extent to which 1984 refers to a dystopian society compared to Fahrenheit 451 is at once different yet similar. The ideas of the party relate to those of the Nazis and soviet Russia; the lies, the oppression, the propaganda, the removal of civil liberties and the crushing of humanity. However 1984 is an extreme version of this prediction of the future. Fahrenheit explores more the emotional changes in Montag that convinces him to relinquish his part in destroying freedom of expression enforced by the fireman and the state and to embrace his curiosity and his humanity. 984 ends with the destruction of Winston, finally loving bigbrother, his love for Julia destroyed, his individuality crushed they had both failed themselves and each other and lost to power of â€Å"Big Brother. † Orwell was a firm believer in Marxism and the need for the proletarian to rise up and equalise society. These two tales are a warning of the dangers of dystopian societies, the need f or humanity to shed this society that has become so desensitised and to be aware of the reliance on technology, before it is too late.

To what extent do the detective fiction stories looked at imitate Essay

To what extent do the detective fiction stories looked at imitate The Murders in the Rue Morgue in terms of the character and the creation of tension? Question: To what extent do the detective fiction stories looked at imitate 'The Murders in the Rue Morgue' in terms of the character and the creation of tension? This essay will explain, discuss and examine the effects of Edgar Allen Poe's 'The Murders in the Rue Morgue' had on other authors writing detective stories during the 19th century. 'The Murders in the Rue Morgue' was a new kind of story and Edgar Allen Poe had many authors imitate him. Take Arthur Conan Doyle's detective, Sherlock Holmes, for example. Holmes quickly became one of the most famous detectives of that time and his stories were, and still are, loved all around the world. But not forgetting all of the other detective writers of that time too. To an extent, most detective stories of the 19th century have copied the original aspects of Poe's 'The Murders in the Rue Morgue.' This essay will examine Poe's influence on his successors. 'The Murders in the Rue Morgue' was one of the first detective stories ever written. Because of this, Edgar Allen Poe has set a trend for other detective writers to follow. Poe has used a number different of 'points' in his story to create suspense and tension, which can be found in other detective stories of that time. For example, in Dorothy L. Sayers writing about 'The Murders in the Rue Morgue', she writes that 'The story features a combination of three typical motifs. The wrongly suspected man . . . . the sealed death chamber and the solution by unexpected means.' These examples can all be found in most of Arthur Conan Doyle's 'Sherlock Holme... ...man who was murdered, Cadogen West, had taken the papers. In conclusion to this essay, we can see that throughout the stories that we have read, how often the writers have imitated Poe's original six points. We can see that the writers have imitated the classic six points quite well. Some of the stories might not contain all of the six points, but the points they do contain have all added to the creation of suspense and tension in the mind of the reader. All of the writers we have looked at, in one way or another, have all tried, and successfully incorporated the basic character of Dupin into their own. It is evident that the most successful story that we have read has to be 'The Problem of Dressing Room A.' It has included all of the classic six points that Sayers mentioned about 'The Murders in the Rue Morgue' and the outrà © character of the detective.

Unit 5- Reflective Account

Unit 5- The principles underpinning the role of the practitioner working with children Introduction During my third placement, I worked at a nursery and children’s centre. I was based in a baby room with children aged 0-2 years old. Although I was based in the baby room I often helped out in the 2-3 room if it was busy and I was needed. In the baby room there were always three level 3 qualified early years’ practitioners. This was the same in the 2-3 room plus a support practitioner.All the children in the baby and 2-3 room had an individual learning plans; this helped the children achieve the best they could out of their time in the setting. All the planning in the setting was based on each individual child’s individual needs and was age appropriate. All the children also had key workers. The key workers carried out observations and were in charge of all the paper work involving the children in their group. Task 1- Give examples of situations in which you have w orked as part of the team P5. 1 Give examples of EACH situation in which you have worked as part of the teamAn example of a way I have worked as part of a team is helping out in the 2-3 room when the room was busy and the setting was short of staff. Another example of a way I worked as part of a team was by helping the practitioners obey parent’s wishes. An example of this was ensuring the babies didn’t sleep for longer than their parents had said. For example there were twins who were 11 months old who attended the setting 8am till 4pm and were only allowed to sleep for an hour while in the setting. I worked as part of a team to ensure the setting was safe for the children at all times.For example if the sand pit or the water tray was out, the setting made it my responsibility to sweep up any spilt sand or mop up and spilt water to prevent an accident. Another way I worked as part of a team in the setting was to ensure at meal times one of the children didn’t c onsume any of the foods he was allergic too. P5. 2 Describe how you carried out the instructions given to you in a responsible way I carried out instructions in a responsible way by helping out when I was needed in one of the other rooms.For example when it was quite in the baby room and the 2-3 room needed my help. I was asked by one of the practitioners to help her with the children’s lunches because she didn’t feel comfortable doing the lunches on her own. I carried out instructions in a responsible way by listening to the instructions given by the practitioner and did what was asked of me. Another way I carried out instructions given to me by the practitioners in the setting in a responsible way was learning each children’s care routine which was asked of me so I knew how long each child was allowed to sleep for.If I was told to put a child to sleep, once asleep I was told to record this information on the sleep chart. Because I put this child to sleep, I wa s then responsible to ensure this child didn’t go over their limit. For example, if a child could only sleep for an hour, once the hour was over I then woke up the child. I carried out instructions given to me in a responsible way by sweeping up spilt sand or mopping up any spilt water correctly when i was asked to by the practitioners. This was extremely important when maintaining any of the settings policies on health and safety.I carried out instructions given to me by the practitioners in the setting in a responsible way by sitting next to the child at snack or meal times ensuring the child did not eat any of the foods the child was allergic to. This was sometimes difficult because the child was allergic to many kinds of food. These included: tomatoes, cucumber, brown bread and apples. P5. 3 Describe how you provided feedback to team members about a task in which you have been involved When feeding or helping the children eat their lunch, I provided feedback to the practi tioners in the setting on how the child ate their lunch.For example, I provided feedback to the practitioners on what exactly the child ate, how much of the lunch the child ate, how long they took to eat it and whether or not the child fed themselves or needed help feeding themselves. I had learnt it was important for practitioners to build strong relationships with parents and I understood it was important I gave the correct feedback to the appropriate practitioners because the information was then forwarded to the child’s parents when they came to collect their child. P5. 4 Reflect on each situation and identify where you could make improvements and act on advice given to youReflecting back on each situation where I had worked as part of a team I would make some improvements on the way I acted on advice given to me. For example, when a child in the setting had slept for as long as they should, in future instead of waking them up and leaving them, I would stay with the child in till the child was properly awake. Ways I was told to do this was by sitting by the child and reading them a story, singing a song with them, distracting them with a toy or simply just talking to them in till the child got up to play.I would also make improvements when ensuring the room was safe for all the children, I would do this by in future instead of waiting for one on the practitioners to tell me sweep up spilt sand or mop up and spilt water I would do it as soon as I saw the hazards to prevent any accidents in the setting. Another improvement i would make in future would be if snack or meal times included any of the foods children were allergic to; I would make sure the foods were not accessible to the children.For example if the children were having vegetables for snack, the vegetables are usually left in the middle of the table and the children then choose which vegetables they won’t by picking them and putting them in their bowl. This was where I had to be care ful and watch the children carefully. In future I would not leave the tray in the middle of the table, id pick up the tray and go round the children asking what they wanted, this way would have made it allot easier to ensure the child didn’t eat and foods he was allergic to. Similar article: How Different Types of Transitions Can Affect Children

People are not free to make moral decisions Essay

Is it right to say that our actions are determined, or are they free? Hard determinists argue that when we make a moral decision, we have no free will. This is significant because if we do not choose our actions we cannot be held morally responsible. Given our experience of decision making this determinist position is hard to accept and perhaps the compatabilist approach of soft determinism is more valid. Soft Determinists recognise that we can make a decision freely that is coerced but the choices in themselves may be determined themselves. This contrasts with libertarianism, which states that we freely choose our actions and rejects determinism. To fully examine whether we are in fact free or not to make moral decisions, we must first analyse what particular factors affect our decision making. When we debate over a decision we consider/ weigh up our options, we know that we have a choice and only we can make that choice, this is known as a libertarian view. Libertarians believe that we have full responsibility of our actions and nothing else affects our decision, however genes, environment, lifestyle and our upbringing affect or sometimes might determine our choices. Determinism objects libertarianism and believes that our choices are influenced by factors other than the will of the individual, events and actions are predetermined by other events therefore freedom of choice is an illusion. Free will is the term made up of ‘autos’ meaning self and ‘nomos’ meaning rule. Many philosophers such as Kant say that you can only be responsible for actions that you undertake of your own will, this is opposed to Determinism. Libertarianism is the belief that humans are free to make moral choices and therefore morally responsible. â€Å"By liberty we can only mean a power of acting of not acting according to the determinations of the will†. David Hume. In the definition of libertarianism a distinction between the persons character or personality and his/or her moral self. It is this moral self or will that is free. â€Å"Your destiny is allotted to you, but you shall choose it for yourselves†. Plato. There are many arguments that support libertarianism, the most predominant of these being the argument from experience, this states that we all experience making choices, such as the very fact that I am sat here writing this essay is the result of a choice, I did have another option so I could’ve chose otherwise. We are also aware of going through a decision making process, we can weigh up our options and act upon this. Libertarians also believe in the necessary cause stating that for Y to happen X must have caused it, without X Y will not happen. This is a determinist understanding, However Libertarians recognise that causes are contingent and not necessary, they may or may not cause Y, this is a libertarian view. However opposed to this Determinists would argue that if free will exists then what actually causes our actions, surely our actions are caused by something, for example what about our past experiences and emotions? Also a determinist would argue is it part of human nature to assume that we are free and what exactly is moral responsibility, and how is this separate from our personality. If it comes from the soul then what causes the soul. Hard determinism states that people do not have free will to act in moral situations. It also states that everything has a prior cause which precedes it; everything is a product of the cause which is unchangeable and fixed. Therefore we cannot be held morally responsible or blameworthy for their actions because their actions are determined. When we think that we are making a moral decision, hard determinists believe that this is an illusion that we are free but in fact we are not and the decision that we made was already determined. John Locke’s example of the man in the locked room shows that we believe that we are free but we are actually not. However libertarians would argue that we had the choice whether or not to go into the locked room. Psychological determinism is another form of Hard Determinism. This suggests that our characters are determined by our upbringing and experiences. There are many influencing factors on human behaviour such as hereditary, society, culture and environment. Freud taught that our early years have impact on our actions in the future, there is also much evidence to support this view such as Pavlov’s dogs which operant conditioning demonstrates that we can mould our behaviour through rewards and sanctions, it also demonstrates how our behaviour is determined. However a libertarian would argue that just because you can condition one element of decision making doesn’t mean that all behaviour is determined, we always have a choice. Theological determinism is also another form of hard determinism. This is the view that the causal chain can be traced back to an uncaused causer, as shown in Aquinas’ Cosmological argument, and this uncaused causer is God. If God is, as suggested by Calvin through his predestination view which suggests that God has already determined a plan for us so we are either damned (going to hell) or elect (going to heaven) , an omnipotent and omniscient God then we cannot have free will as our actions must be predetermined because of this. There are many criticisms for this view that Libertarians would address as it conflicts with biblical teachings as in Genesis it states that God gave us free will and also for theological determinism to be accepted, libertarians would also argue that there is no proof of this God, so in their view we still have a choice. A form of Hard Determinism that contrasts and argues this view is scientific determinism; this approach states that science tells us that for every physical event there is a physical cause. If we consider the mind to be material activity in the brain, so then our thoughts are also pre determined. Another form of hard determinism is Biological determinism which states that our characters are determined by our genes, this is partly true as genes do give us our characteristics such as what we look like, even our IQ, all this can determine our behaviour for example the violent gene as evidence can be traced back to the genome (e. g. a violent gene recognised by the Italian supreme court). However libertarians would argue that because there is only 0. 2% variation in our DNA, so this doesn’t seem efficient enough to explain all the variations in human behaviour, it’s not just our genetic makeup that influences our behaviour, and they would argue that we always have a choice. Soft determinism states that we are morally responsible for our actions; this approach allows libertarianism and hard determinism to be compatible. It states that as long as no one forces you to make a decision then you are free, this can be described as internal freedom. However soft determinists make a distinction between internal and external causes, these explain why freedom and Jeremy moral responsibility are not only compatible with determinism but actually require it. Soft Determinism, unlike hard determinism, allows for moral responsibility, for example if person A does not save a drowning child because person A cannot swim, he is not morally responsible. However, if he chooses not to because of his personality, a combination of his conditioning, an upbringing and so forth, then he is to be held responsible. Soft determinists believe that all human actions are caused and when we say that a person acted freely we are not saying that there was no cause but rather they were not forced to do it, here they act as free agents even though their actions are still caused. A main philosopher associated with soft determinism is Hume whom was a soft-determinist. He stated that all things are necessary and believed that some things are uncaused or happen as the result of chance. Hume also believed that we are free, he goes on to say that we don’t blame people for things they do ignorantly, and blame them less for things that are not premeditated, and any sense of moral blame can only come if something we do is the result of our character. Hume believed that free will, and moral responsibility, require determinism. Soft determinists are criticised by hard determinists for failing to realise the extent to which human freedom is limited and also by libertarians for failing to recognise the true extent of freedom. Whilst Soft determinism offers a ‘middle ground’ between hard determinism and libertinism an agreeable account of moral freedom, a line still has to be drawn between that which is determined and that which is open to choice. The major fault with soft determinism is that they have to try and agree on what is a determining factor and what is not and the complexities of genetics, psychology makes such a line difficult for them to draw. So In conclusion, through the arguments expressed in this essay, I believe that perhaps a Soft Determinist approach is more susceptible towards moral decision making, as although it allows us to make our own decisions, they are to an extent determined due to numerous factors such as our upbringing, environment and culture, however it also allows us to accept responsibility for our actions whatever they may be.

Moon Jellyfish Facts

Moon Jellyfish Facts The moon jellyfish (Aurelia aurita) is a common jelly that is easily recognized by its four horseshoe-shaped gonads, which are visible through the top of its translucent bell. The species gets its common name for the way its pale bell resembles a full moon. Fast Facts: Moon Jellyfish Scientific Name: Aurelia auritaCommon Names: Moon jellyfish, moon jelly, common jellyfish, saucer jellyBasic Animal Group: InvertebrateSize: 10-16 inchesLifespan: 6 months as an adultDiet: CarnivoreHabitat: Tropical and subtropical oceansPopulation: AbundantConservation Status: Not Evaluated Description The moon jellyfish has a translucent 10 to 16 inch bell with a fringe of short tentacles. The tentacles are lined with nematocysts (stinging cells). Most moon jellies have four horseshoe-shaped gonads (reproductive organs), but a few have three or five. The bell and gonads may be translucent white, pink, blue, or purple, depending on the animals diet. The jellyfish has four fringed oral arms that are longer than its tentacles. Habitat and Range The species lives in tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide. It is common along the Atlantic coast of North America and Europe. Moon jellyfish frequent coastal and epipelagic areas (top layer of the ocean) and can survive the lower salinity of estuaries and bays. Diet and Behavior The moon jellyfish is a carnivore that feeds on zooplankton, including protozoa, diatoms, eggs, crustaceans, mollusks, and worms. The jelly is not a strong swimmer, mainly using its short tentacles to stay near the water surface. Plankton get trapped in the mucus coating the animal and passed via cilia into its oral cavity for digestion. Moon jellyfish absorb their own tissue and shrink if they are starved. They grow to their normal size when food becomes available. Although water currents group jellyfish together, they live solitary lives. Scientists believe jellyfish may communicate with one another using chemicals released into the water. The jellyfish life cycle includes both sexual and asexual phases. Dorling Kindersley / Getty Images Reproduction and Offspring The jellyfish life cycle has a sexual and asexual component. Each adult (called a medusa) is either male or female. In the open ocean, jellyfish release sperm and eggs into the water. Fertilized eggs develop and grow in the water as planula for a few days before attaching to the sea floor and growing into polyps. The polyp resembles an upside down medusa. Polyps asexually bud off clones that develop into mature medusae. In the wild, Aurelia jellyfish reproduce for several months. Near the end of summer, they become susceptible to disease and tissue damage from the exertion of reproduction and diminishing food supplies. Most moon jellyfish probably live about six months, although captive specimens may live many years. Like the immortal jellyfish (Turritopsis dohrnii), the moon jellyfish can undergo lifecycle reversal, essentially growing younger rather than older. Conservation Status The IUCN has not evaluated the moon jelly for a conservation status. The jellyfish are abundant, with adult populations spiking or blooming in July and August. The moon jellyfish thrives in water containing a lower than normal concentration of dissolved oxygen. Dissolved oxygen drops in response to increased temperature or pollution. Jellyfish predators (leatherback turtles and ocean sunfish) cannot tolerate the same conditions, are subject to overfishing and climate change, and may die when they mistakenly eat floating plastic bags that resemble jellies.Thus, jellyfish numbers are expected to grow. Moon jellyfish blooms in summer have environmental causes and consequences. Michael Nolan / Getty Images Moon Jellyfish and Humans Moon jellyfish are consumed as food, especially in China. The species is of concern because an overabundance of the jellies significantly decreases plankton levels. People frequently encounter moon jellyfish because of their abundance and preference for coastal waters. These jellyfish do sting, but their venom is mild and considered harmless. Any clinging tentacles may be rinsed off with salt water. The venom may then be deactivated with heat, vinegar, or baking soda. Sources Arai, M. N. A Functional Biology of Scyphozoa. London: Chapman and Hall. pp. 68–206, 1997. ISBN 978-0-412-45110-2.He, J.; Zheng, L.; Zhang, W.; Lin, Y. Life Cycle Reversal in Aurelia sp.1 (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa). PLoS ONE. 10 (12): e0145314, 2015. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0145314Hernroth, L. and F. Grondahl. On the Biology of Aurelia Aurita. Ophelia. 22(2):189-199, 1983.Shoji, J.; Yamashita, R.; Tanaka, M. Effect of low dissolved oxygen concentrations on behavior and predation rates on fish larvae by moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita and by a juvenile piscivore, Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius. Marine Biology. 147 (4): 863–868, 2005. doi:10.1007/s00227-005-1579-8Solomon, E. P.; Berg, L. R.; Martin, W. W. Biology (6th ed.). London: Brooks/Cole. pp. 602–608, 2002. ISBN 978-0-534-39175-1.

Kwame Nkrumah essays

Kwame Nkrumah essays During the life of Kwame Nkrumah what did he do to change the African Kwame Nkrumah was born in Nkroful in the southwestern part of the British colony. Nkrumah was a great student in the local missionary schools. While he was a teenager, he became an untrained elementary teacher in a nearby town of Half Assini. In 1926 Nkrumah went to Achimota College in Accra, he earned his teaching degree and went on to teach at several Catholic elementary schools. IN 1935 he moved to the United States to attend Lincoln University in Pennsylvania. When he graduated with a B. A. degrees in economics and sociology. In 1942 he received a M.A. degrees in education and philosophy. In 1942 and 1943 Kwame was persuaded by the writings of German political philosopher Karl Marx, German economist Fredrich Engels, and Russian leader Vladimir Lenin. Kwame promoted a Pan-Africanism, it is a movement for cooperation between all people of African origin and for the political union of an In 1945 he went to London, to study economics and law. There he helped organized the fifth Pan-African Congress in England. At the congress, Kwame met many important African and African American leaders, including future president of Kenya Jomo Kenyatta, and American actor and civil rights That same year, Kwame became vice president of the West African Students Union. Kwame then returned to the Gold Coast in 1947 when the UGCC (United Gold Coast Convention), asked him to serve as its secretary general. In this position he gave speeches all over the colony to rally support for the UGCC Kwame organized a series of colony strikes in favor of independence and that almost brought the colonys economy to shut down, Kwame was then ...

Essay exam Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Exam - Essay Example There has been a subsequent increase in radioactive waste following the increase in the production of nuclear power. When inhaled, radioactive elements are lethal and can kill within a short time. Nuclear waste build up can be prevented by recycling and storing it geologically. Nuclear waste differs with radioactivity level from high, through intermediate to low level. High level nuclear waste is mostly liquid, and although it is small in terms of volume, it is the most dangerous. It results when radioactive spent fuel is reprocessed to separate useful fuel that can be recycled from waste. High-level nuclear waste could be disposed of in deep geological mines. Meanwhile, before a geological mine or a suitable disposal site can be found, high-level nuclear waste can be vitrified and stored in stainless steel canisters. Spent fuel should be dissolved in nitric acid and to give off uranium and plutonium (Hill 30). Intermediate waste is mixed with cement and stored awaiting disposal. Glo bal Climate Change Scientists have found that there is a gradual global climate change as seen in the increase, in world temperatures, shrinking of glaciers, early plant flowering, early breaking up of ice and shifts in plant and animal ranges. Severe droughts, increased tropical storms and rampant wildfires are among other projected effects of global climate change. There has been undisputed evidence that the global sea level rose to seventeen centimeters in the 20th century. It is particularly discomforting to learn that this could have doubled in the last decade. Since around 1880, global temperatures have been rising gradually. The period between 1981 and 2001 was marked as warmer than the previous decades. The past twelve years have recorded the highest temperatures as compared to previous years. Although there has been a significant decline in the solar output in the early 2000s, surface temperatures have not ceased to increase. Scientists have established that oceans have war med up to 0.302 degrees Fahrenheit from 1969. There has been a loss in mass in the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets. Between 2002 and 2005, Antarctic lost about one-hundred and fifty-two cubic kilometers of ice while Greenland lost up to two hundred and fifty cubic kilometers of ice between 2002 and 2006. The ice on Arctic sea has greatly declined in the past few decades. Glaciers in Alps and Rockies among other places in the world have been noted to have retreated significantly. Places like the United States have witnessed increased temperatures instances and relatively low temperature instances since 1950. Unusually heavy rainfall instances have been recorded in different parts of the world. Studies have revealed that acidity of surface ocean water has gone up to about 30% since the Industrial Revolution. Carbon dioxide that has been released by people in their increased population has been absorbed into water bodies. Global climate change can be arrested by adopting behaviors t hat promote a healthy

Stress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Stress - Essay Example Researchers Takeuchi, Williams and Adair investigate â€Å"Economic Stress in the Family and Children’s Emotional and Behavioral Problems† (1991) to determine whether children’s behavior is adversely affected by the economic stress levels of the household and whether this effect is increased with persistent as opposed to one-time dependence on social services. Dual-income households have their own set of stressors to face, however, which are explored in Windle and Dumenci’s â€Å"Parental and Occupational Stress as Predictors of Depressive Symptoms among Dual-Income Couples† (1997). â€Å"Race Differences in Depressive Symptoms† (2003) discusses how the differences between stress-induced depression in older blacks and whites in Northern Carolina differed very little, with differences being contained primarily in the larger degree of variance and greater linear growth evident in black individuals. Earlier studies had already indicated no corre lation between mental health and availability of support systems in helping these older adults deal with stresses caused by life events, but indicated a consistent steady rate of recovery for these individuals in studies such as â€Å"Transitory Impact of Life-Event Stress on Psychological Symptoms in Older Adults† (Norris & Murrell, 1987). Karen Rudolph and Constance Hammen (1999) concluded in their study on how experience and consequences of life stress varied depending upon age and gender differences that there are significant differences between the types of stress experienced between pre-adolescent and adolescent boys and girls. Of the 88 children who participated in their study, it was determined that while adolescent girls experienced the highest levels of interpersonal stress, adolescent boys experienced the highest levels of non-interpersonal stress. Preadolescent girls experienced the highest levels of independent stress and conflict in the family unit. In addition, it was determined

Language and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Language and Culture - Essay Example Language can affect the  culture  of a society, especially when the  society  borrows, and then modifies  alien  words from other cultures to  fit  in their own. As such this changes the  culture  making it evolve with time. Language use within a text refers to the combination of various forms of the  linguistic  and  grammatical  technique used within the context with the aim of communicating a message to another party. Its uses can  be  in many different ways and purposes; it  is spoken, written, and referred, from visual representations. Language  is used  to  work, play, praise, insult, court and reduce among other reasons. Throughout the use of language,  various  techniques  are applied  to  simplify  its meanings also to  create  interest  and  humor  such as through the use of rhyme and repetition to create a  musical  effect. The use of  language  can be categorized into much broader uses categories which are the  evocative, the expressive, the performative, the evaluative and the informative. This is for  clear  communication of information and there the use of  various  linguistic techniques. ... For instance, throughout the website the  writer  uses terms such as â€Å"you are not alone† in the start of a  sentence  when describing the  occurrence, effects and handling of peer pressure. This is an already constructed  phrase, and it passes information relating with most people within the society; thus, effectively and  immediately  passing the information to the readers. It also reduces the necessity of  grammatical  correction and the  application  of  further  grammatical  techniques within this part of the text. Within the various passage texts in the website, there are  various  words used that are of other and similar linguistic  background.  These are words obtained from other languages, or are a combination of two or more different ancient  language  words that sum up to the meaning of the intended, in the English context.  Words used such as microscope derived from the Greek words "mikros" referring to  puny  and "skopein" referring to look or  see, the two combined in English forms the word microscope meaning an  instrument  used in the viewing and investigations of objects that minute, and cannot be seen by the naked eye. Semantics The  linguistic  statement  semantics developed from the Greek word semantic, and it refers to the study of meaning focusing on the relation between the use of signifiers such as phrases, words, signs and what they  denote  in the text, in linguistics. It tries to  denote  meaning through the understanding of  different  human expressions through language.  This includes the use puns and conations, among others, in an English language  context  to  magnify  the expressed  message  and to ensure the readers' undivided attention.  It also acts as a  way  of reducing monotony, thus,

Youtube Case Study Essay Example for Free

Youtube Case Study Essay Question 1: There are several competitive forces challenging the movie industry. Film corporations are currently facing the challenges of websites offering free downloadable movie torrents along with DVD readers on computers, portable video devices, and the start up of the website YouTube in February 2005. Free online film downloads are four times more popular than legal film downloads that are paid for. This new industry is giving customers power to challenge movie store prices, customers are substituting pricey blockbuster rentals with free online downloads. This is transforming Movie rental establishments into price takers, rather than price makers. The online market is a new market for the movie industry; this is a problem because large film corporations are overcharging for their online products. They do not realize that Twenty dollars for a 24 hour movie rental is not going to appeal to customers. Another problem the movie industry is facing is that 30 to 70 percent of Hollywood derived content has been submitted to YouTube without legal consent. YouTube is profiting on movies that cost major production studios over $129 million to make. These problems are forcing film companies to enter the digital firm where business relationships are digitally enabled. They are entering agreements with online companies such as CinemaNow and Movielink, selling their products online via download. This has transformed the entire way the film industry marketed their movies. The strategic value of entering the online world is basically for mere survival of the industry. The problem of YouTube has also added complication to the creation of films. It has caused companies to resort to hiring more staff in an attempt to monitor the website. It has also forced the development of new technology such as Video ID which has been added to films in order to prevent unauthorized videos from appearing on YouTube. Question 2: Disruptive technologies such as YouTube and other free media websites have severely impacted the companies discussed in this case. Viacom (The world’s fourth largest media conglomerate) has resorted to filing a lawsuit against YouTube for $1.25 billion dollars in damages because more than 150,000 unauthorized clips if Viacoms copyrighted material has appeared on YouTube. Disruptive technologies have caused companies like NBC universal to resort to new job positions involving searching YouTube everyday for property posted without consent. So on top of losing money from lack of sales revenue, companies are forced to spend money filing lawsuits and hiring employees to tackle this new interfering technology. Question 3: Because YouTube is such a powerful company, studios have decided against Viacom’s decision (filing a lawsuit) and are developing a more constructive solution. Companies such as NBC Universal, Time Warner’s Warner Brothers and Twentieth Century Fox have entered into negotiations with YouTube to establish licensing agreements. They are shifting into information system trends like using websites (YouTube) for advertising. The goal of this response is basically to maximise revenue streams made possible by this new technology. It allows companies to earn revenues where their products might otherwise have been distributed illegally. This is something learned from the music industry. The movie industry needs to follow in the footsteps of the music industry; iTunes music store sells music for .99 cents per song. I think lowering the fee for online movie downloading could definitely benefit the industry. The music industry has been dealing with copyright infringement for several years; the movie business needs to team up with the online music conglomerate to learn from their experience and to work together to find an overall better way to overcome the challenge of copyright infringement. Question 4: I think motion picture companies should most definitely continue to use YouTube to promote their new films. YouTube is a heavily trafficked website reporting over 100 million video views per day; this provides valuable exposure for companies in the film industry. Information Technology is only going to grow larger, the film industry needs to find a way to take part in this revolution and take advantage of what Information Technology has to offer or else it will become a thing of the past with VHS’s and Cassette tapes.